Hansen-Gloor

The Holy Crusades



The First Crusade - The First Crusade started when the Christians attempted to reclaim the holy city of Jerusalem. Christians wanted to recapture the holy city because Muslim soldiers made it very hard for the Christians to make pilgrimage in Jerusalem. This made the Christians very angry. Pope Urban called on France to wage war with the Muslims so that the city could be regained for the Christian faith. The Crusaders were told that if they were killed in battle that they would automatically go to heaven because they were fighting for God.



The Second Crusade- The Second Crusade went on from 1147-1149. After the first crusade, there was a brief time of peace between the Muslims and Christians. This peace ended when the Muslims conquered the city of Edessa (a significant piece of land won by the Christians in the first crusade). This prompted Pope Eugene III to call on a second crusade. The muslims were far better prepared for the second crusade, defeating the Christians. A muslim kurd named Saladin started a jihad that captured Jerusalem. The Christians and Muslims agreed on a truce that allowed the Christians to come and worship if they paid a tribute, but the Muslims were ultimately in control of the land.



[|The Third Crusade]- The Third Crusade, also known as the kings crusade, went on from 1189-1192. It was started by European leaders in an attempt to reconquer the Holy Land back from Saladin. The crusade to recapture Jerusalem failed and created another truce with ultimately the same conditions. Christians could visit the Holy Land, but the Muslims retained all control. The only difference in this new truce is that Christians did not have to pay tribute.



[|The Fourth Crusade]- The Fourth Crusade went from 1202-1204. It was started (in the planning stages) almost immediately after the Third Crusade failed to reconquer Jerusalem. The planning stages and actually commencing the fourth crusade took longer than inticipated, and had a much different outcome than originally thought. The fourth crusade failed in reconquering Jerusalem. The Fourth Crusade ended in Constantinople, driving out the Byzantine Emperor.

[|The Children's Crusades]The Children's Crusades started because of a boy named Stephan. Stephan believed that he was given a letter by Jesus, and presented it to the King, but the King dismissed it. But Stephan was inspired and saw himself as a leader. He began preaching a Child's Crusade. Soon Stephan had emassed a child army of 30,000 children, not one above the age of 12. Another boy, Nicholas, from Germany started preaching the same message. This army, however, did not want to fight, but convert the infadels. Only a few boys from Germany made it back to their village, Nicholas's father was hanged. The army from France however was captured by slavers, and only a few hundred survived.

Enhancements [|Fling the Teacher: Crusades]-Answer questions about the Crusades to build a catapult and fling the teacher!

TIMELINE OF CRUSADES
 * 1095 - Pope Urban II calls for Crusades against Muslims
 * **1096 - First Crusade starts**
 * 1097 - Poor leave for east led by Peter the Hermit, 17,000 die along the way
 * 1098 - Siege of Antioch
 * 1099 - Siege of Jerusalem, All muslims and jews killed
 * **1147 - The Second Crusade is initiated by King Louis of France**
 * 1147 - German King Conrad's army defeated by Turks
 * 1147 - Eleanor of Aquitaine pushes 300 women into the crusades
 * 1163 - Notre Dame begins building in France
 * 1169 - Saladin rules Egypt
 * 1187 - Jerusalem lost to Saladin
 * **1189 - Third Crusade starts**
 * 1191 - Richard the Lion-Hearted captures Cyprus
 * 1191 - Siege of Acre
 * 1192 - Battle at Jaffa
 * 1192 - Treaty Signed, Muslims got Jerusalem, but Christians could visit it freely and safely
 * 1198 - Pope Innocent III called for a fourth Crusade
 * 1201 - Venice agreed to transport troops by sea
 * 1202 - Plans were to capture Zara and Constantinople
 * **1202 - Fourth Crusade begins**
 * 1203 - Battle for Constantinople, Alexis crowned
 * 1204 - Constantinople ravaged by Crusaders
 * 1212 - Childrens's Crusade begins

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